Prostate cancer is a common cancer affecting the prostate gland, a gland in the male reproductive system. The cancer develops from prostate tissue when cells mutate and multiply uncontrollably. These cells can then spread (metastasize) by migrating from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes in the pelvis.

Malignant prostate cancer occurs independently of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostatic adenoma. In the vast majority of cases, it is an adenocarcinoma, most often of the acinar type.

Malignant prostate cancer can cause pain, difficulty urinating, and erectile dysfunction. Symptoms originating from prostate adenocarcinoma often indicate an advanced stage of the disease. Other prostate conditions cause similar symptoms: pelvic pain in the case of prostatitis and difficulty urinating in the case of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The most common treatments are surgery (radical prostatectomy), radiotherapy (particularly external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy), and hormone therapy. Chemotherapy is used only in advanced stages.

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